{"id":611,"date":"2022-08-07T17:18:34","date_gmt":"2022-08-07T17:18:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tegent.com.vn\/application\/chromatography-14\/"},"modified":"2022-09-05T07:00:26","modified_gmt":"2022-09-05T07:00:26","slug":"chromatography-14","status":"publish","type":"mona_application","link":"https:\/\/tegent.com.vn\/en\/application\/chromatography-14\/","title":{"rendered":"Chromatography #14"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/h1>\n

Trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, s\u1eafc k\u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p (mixture) th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tan trong dung m\u00f4i l\u1ecfng (fluid solvent d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c l\u1ecfng) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 pha \u0111\u1ed9ng (mobile phase), pha \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y mang n\u00f3 qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (c\u1ed9t, \u1ed1ng mao d\u1eabn, \u0111\u0129a ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5m) tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 pha t\u0129nh (stationary phase) v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u00e1i l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pha t\u0129nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1edbi v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bkh\u00e1c nhau trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng di \u0111\u1ed9ng, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang t\u00e1ch ra. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa pha \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 pha t\u0129nh. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf trong h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng (partition coefficient) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 duy tr\u00ec ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch tr\u00ean pha t\u0129nh v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\"Liquid\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eafc k\u00fd kh\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

S\u1eafc k\u00fd kh\u00ed (Gas chromatography – GC) \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc k\u00fd kh\u00ed-l\u1ecfng (gas-liquid chromatography – GLC), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u00e1ch trong \u0111\u00f3 pha \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch s\u1eafc k\u00fd kh\u00ed lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t, c\u1ed9t n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c mao qu\u1ea3n. C\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc k\u00fd kh\u00ed, r\u1ebb h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng cho hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c c\u1ed9t mao qu\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u1ed9t mao qu\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba l\u1edbp: c\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng h\u1edf c\u00f3 l\u1edbp x\u1ed1p (porous layer open tubular – PLOT), c\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng h\u1edf c\u00f3 ph\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1eddng (wall-coated open tubular – WCOT) v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng h\u1edf c\u00f3 ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 (support-coated open tubular – SCOT). C\u1ed9t PLOT l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 pha t\u0129nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh c\u1ed9t, trong khi c\u1ed9t WCOT c\u00f3 pha t\u0129nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh. C\u1ed9t SCOT l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a hai lo\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 d\u00ednh v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh c\u1ed9t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 pha l\u1ecfng li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi ch\u00fang. C\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i c\u1ed9t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 tr\u01a1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y tinh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh ho\u1eb7c silica nung ch\u1ea3y cho c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t mao qu\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

\"Bi\u1ec3u
\nBi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eafc k\u00fd kh\u00ed<\/p>\n

S\u1eafc k\u00fd kh\u00ed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e2n chia c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch gi\u1eefa pha t\u0129nh l\u1ecfng r\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c nh\u1edbt (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c silicone l\u1ecfng) v\u00e0 kh\u00ed di \u0111\u1ed9ng (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 heli). Pha t\u0129nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00ednh v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y tinh ho\u1eb7c \u1ed1ng silica nung ch\u1ea3y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 0,53 – 0,18mm) (c\u1ed9t mao qu\u1ea3n) ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n r\u1eafn b\u00ean trong \u1ed1ng kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n (c\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i). N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u00edch; m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong GC l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c protein c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed cao (nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u00fang) th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong h\u00f3a sinh, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eafc k\u00fd l\u1ecfng<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

S\u1eafc k\u00fd l\u1ecfng (Liquid chromatography – LC) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u00e1ch trong \u0111\u00f3 pha \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng. S\u1eafc k\u00fd l\u1ecfng ng\u00e0y nay th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc k\u00fd l\u1ecfng hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao (high-performance liquid chromatography – HPLC).<\/p>\n

\"Bi\u1ec3uBi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eafc k\u00fd l\u1ecfng<\/p>\n

Trong HPLC, m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p b\u1edfi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao (pha \u0111\u1ed9ng) qua m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9a pha t\u0129nh bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp x\u1ed1p nguy\u00ean kh\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t m\u00e0ng x\u1ed1p. Nguy\u00ean kh\u1ed1i l\u00e0 “ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n s\u1eafc k\u00fd gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecdt bi\u1ec3n” v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i v\u00f4 c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, HPLC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a pha \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 pha t\u0129nh. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p trong \u0111\u00f3 pha t\u0129nh ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n pha \u0111\u1ed9ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, toluen l\u00e0m pha \u0111\u1ed9ng, silica l\u00e0m pha t\u0129nh) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc k\u00fd l\u1ecfng pha b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng (normal phase liquid chromatography – NPLC) v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u01b0\u1edbc-methanol l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t di \u0111\u1ed9ng. phase v\u00e0 C18 octadecylsilyl nh\u01b0 pha t\u0129nh) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc k\u00fd l\u1ecfng pha \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (reversed phase liquid chromatography – RPLC).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Massa euismod augue….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1819,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-611","mona_application","type-mona_application","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nChromatography #14 - Tegent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tegent.com.vn\/en\/application\/chromatography-14\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chromatography #14\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. 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